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An onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011.
The clear epidermal cells exist in a single layer and do not contain chloroplasts, because the onion fruiting body (bulb) is used for storing energy, not photosynthesis. [3] Each plant cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and a large vacuole. The nucleus is present at the periphery of the cytoplasm.
The bulbs vary in size between species, from small (around 2–3 mm in diameter) to rather large (8–10 cm). Some species (such as Welsh onion A. fistulosum and leeks (A. ampeloprasum)) develop thickened leaf-bases rather than forming bulbs as such. Carl Linnaeus first described the genus Allium in 1753.
Leaves dead, bulb top dry; dormancy 3. Growth complete; length and stem diameter typical for variety reached 4. 5: Inflorescence emergence 51: 501: Onion bulb begins to elongate 53: 503: 30% of the expected length of flower stem reached 55: 505: Flower stem at full length; sheath closed 57: 507: Sheath burst open 59: 509: First flower petals ...
Allium canadense, the Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion [6] is a perennial plant native to eastern North America [a] from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. [7] The plant is also reportedly ...
Longitudinal section through bulb Cross section of onion bulb. The bulb's leaf bases, also known as scales, generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot.
Allium hyalinum, the glassy onion, grows from a cluster of bulbs, with each bulb sending up a tall stem. [5] Atop each stem is an inflorescence of up to 25, but usually fewer, white or pink-tinted white flowers. The flowers have six shiny tepals which become transparent as they age. [5] formerly included [3]
Because onions can take more than 5–6 months to reach maturity, many growers with shorter growing windows prefer to grow onions from starter bulbs rather than seed. Onion seeds are cultivated in the spring and the resultant bulbs are harvested in autumn. These bulbs are similar in appearance to the mature onion, but much smaller in size. The ...