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Königsberg (/ ˈ k ɜː n ɪ ɡ z b ɜːr ɡ /, German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ; lit. ' King's mountain '; Polish: Królewiec; Lithuanian: Karaliaučius; Baltic Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs; Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized: Kyónigsberg, IPA: [ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbʲɪrk]) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
The Königsberg Castle (German: Königsberger Schloss, Russian: Кёнигсбергский замок, romanized: Konigsbergskiy zamok) was one of the landmarks of the city of Königsberg (since 1946 Kaliningrad, Russia). It was the seat of the King of Prussia, who was by extension the Emperor (Kaiser) of the German Empire.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was known as Königsberg ( Polish : Królewiec , Lithuanian : Karaliaučius ) prior to 1945 and Twangste prior to 1255.
Construction of Königsberg Castle began in 1255 during the conquest of Samland by the Teutonic Knights, part of the Prussian Crusade.An initial settlement was founded north of the castle (later known as Steindamm) the following year, but this was destroyed by Sambians during the 1262 Siege of Königsberg. [1]
Kaliningrad, [a] known as Königsberg [b] until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland, 663 kilometres (412 mi) west of the bulk of Russia on the Pregolya River, at the head of the Vistula Lagoon, and the only ice-free Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
The history of Poles in Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec) goes back to the 14th century. In the struggles between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order , the city was briefly part of the Polish state, and after the Second Peace of Toruń , 1466, it was considered a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order [ 1 ] and the secular ...
The 15 metre-thick First Belt was erected due to Königsberg's vulnerability during the Polish–Swedish wars. [2] The Second Belt was largely constructed on the place of the first one, which was in a bad condition. [2] The new belt included twelve bastions, three ravelins, seven spoil banks and two fortresses, surrounded by a water moat. [2]
Regierungsbezirk Königsberg was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1815 until 1945. The regional capital was Königsberg (since 1946, Kaliningrad).