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Points of a horse. Equine anatomy encompasses the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses, ponies and other equids, including donkeys, mules and zebras.While all anatomical features of equids are described in the same terms as for other animals by the International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature in the book Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, there are many horse-specific ...
Skeletal muscles are usually arranged in antagonistic pairs in opposition to each other, with one flexing the joint (a flexor muscle) and the other extending it (extensor muscle). Smooth muscle: this type of muscle is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (making it an involuntary muscle type). Smooth muscle is involved in digestion and ...
Ideally, the length of a horse's back from the peak of the withers to the point of the hip should be 1/3 of the horse's overall body length (from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock, excluding head and neck). A horse's back is called "long" if the length exceeds 1/3 and "short" if less than 1/3.
Horse hooves can also be used to produce animal glue. [233] Horse bones can be used to make implements. [234] Specifically, in Italian cuisine, the horse tibia is sharpened into a probe called a spinto, which is used to test the readiness of a (pig) ham as it cures. [235] In Asia, the saba is a horsehide vessel used in the production of kumis ...
At the gallop, the horse breathes in rhythm with every stride: [4] as the abdominal muscles pull the hind legs forward in the "suspension phase" of the gallop, the organs within the abdominal cavity are pushed backward from the diaphragm, thereby bringing air into the lungs and causing the horse to inhale. As the neck is lowered during the ...
Most birds have approximately 175 different muscles, mainly controlling the wings, skin, and legs. Overall, the muscle mass of birds is concentrated ventrally. The largest muscles in the bird are the pectorals, or the pectoralis major, which control the wings and make up about 15–25% of a flighted bird's body weight.
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The horse's proximal digital sesamoids are simply called the "sesamoid bones" by horsemen, his distal digital sesamoid is referred to as the navicular bone. Ligaments and tendons hold the skeletal system together. Ligaments hold bones to bones and tendons hold bones to muscles.