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The mucosa lining the cervical canal is known as the endocervix, [5] and the mucosa covering the ectocervix is known as the exocervix. [6] The cervix has an inner mucosal layer, a thick layer of smooth muscle , and posteriorly the supravaginal portion has a serosal covering consisting of connective tissue and overlying peritoneum .
The cervical canal is generally lined by "endocervical mucosa" which consists of a single layer of mucinous columnar epithelium. However, after menopause, the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal, and hence the distal part of the cervical canal may be lined by stratified squamous epithelium (conforming to a "type 3 transformation zone").
The vaginal epithelium is the inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of cells. [1] [2] [3] The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer.
The cervix is divided into two parts based on the types of cells. The outer portion of the cervix is called the ectocervix, while the inner portion of the cervix is the endocervix. These two portions of the cervix have different types of cells. The area where the endocervix and ectocervix meet is known as the transformation zone.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
A cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix. [2] Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester, however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity – a so-called cervico-isthmic pregnancy – it may continue longer. [3]
The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction.Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. [1]
This page was last edited on 4 August 2016, at 07:09 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...