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Among TIA-607-B's list of metallic components in need of bonding are racks, enclosures, ladders, surge protectors, cable trays, routers, switches and patch panels. Following the bonding of telecom infrastructure components, the entire system must be bonded to the building's main ground, which is sometimes also referred to as a grounding ...
The grounding system must also have a minimum of two or more earth pits (electrodes) to better ensure proper grounding. According to rule 42, an installation with a connected load above 5 kW exceeding 250 V shall have a suitable earth leakage protective device to isolate the load in case of earth fault or leakage.
Strictly speaking, the terms grounding or earthing are meant to refer to an electrical connection to ground/earth. Bonding is the practice of intentionally electrically connecting metallic items not designed to carry electricity. This brings all the bonded items to the same electrical potential as a protection from electrical shock.
Equipotential bonding involves electrically connecting metalwork so that it is at the same voltage everywhere. Exact rules for electrical installations vary by country, locality, or supplying power company. [2] Equipotential bonding is done from where the distribution wiring enters the building to incoming water and gas services.
A ground connection that is missing or of inadequate capacity may not provide the protective functions as intended during a fault in the connected equipment. Extra connections between ground and circuit neutral may result in circulating current in the ground path, stray current introduced in the earth or in a structure, and stray voltage.
Ground loops can also exist within the internal circuits of electronic equipment, as design flaws. Addition of signal interconnection cables to a system where equipment enclosures are already required to be bonded to ground can create ground loops. Proper design of such a system will satisfy both safety grounding requirements and signal integrity.