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In linguistics, clipping, also called truncation or shortening, [1] is word formation by removing some segments of an existing word to create a diminutive word or a clipped compound. Clipping differs from abbreviation , which is based on a shortening of the written, rather than the spoken, form of an existing word or phrase.
Clipping with vowel reduction also occurs in many unstressed syllables. Because of the variability of vowel length, the ː diacritic is sometimes omitted in IPA transcriptions of English and so words such as dawn or lead are transcribed as /dɔn/ and /lid/, instead of the more usual /dɔːn/ and /liːd/. Neither type of transcription is more ...
These various changes mean that many words that formerly rhymed (and may be expected to rhyme based on their spelling) no longer do. [112] For example, in Shakespeare 's time, following the Great Vowel Shift, food , good and blood all had the vowel [uː] , but in modern pronunciation good has been shortened to [ʊ] , while blood has been ...
The length mark ː does not mean that the vowels transcribed with it are always longer than those without it. When unstressed, followed by a voiceless consonant, or in a polysyllabic word, a vowel in the former group is frequently shorter than the latter in other environments (see Clipping (phonetics) § English).
At the word boundary, a "plus juncture" /+/ has been posited and said to be the factor conditioning allophones to allow distinctivity: [7] in this example, the phrase "great ape" has an /eɪ/ diphthong shortened by pre-fortis clipping and, since it is not syllable-initial, a /t/ with little aspiration (variously [t˭], [ɾ], [ʔt], , etc ...
In phonology, apocope (/ ə ˈ p ɒ k ə p i / [1] [2]) is the omission or loss of a sound or sounds at the end of a word. While it most commonly refers to the loss of a final vowel, it can also describe the deletion of final consonants or even entire syllables. [3] The resulting word form after apocope has occurred is called an apocopation.
(Phonetic words are minimal units of production and perception which have a definite meaning, which can be observed in verbal communications, without conscious reference in writing, as are spontaneous exchanges and dialogues, either face-to-face or by telephone. A phonemic word has the following characteristics: [8]
In phonetics, the smallest perceptible segment is a phone. In phonology , there is a subfield of segmental phonology that deals with the analysis of speech into phonemes (or segmental phonemes ), which correspond fairly well to phonetic segments of the analysed speech.