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Biodiversity is the result of 3.5 billion years of evolution. [106] The origin of life has not been established by science, however, some evidence suggests that life may already have been well-established only a few hundred million years after the formation of the Earth.
Megadiversity means exhibiting great biodiversity. The main criterion for megadiverse countries is endemism at the level of species, genera and families. A megadiverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi 2 (144,150,000 km 2), or 28.26% of Earth's surface. [5] Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species.
Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on planet Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms. More than 99 percent of all species [ 1 ] that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct .
A 2019 UN report assessing global biodiversity extrapolated IUCN data to all species and estimated that 1 million species worldwide could face extinction. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Conservation of a select species are often prioritized on several factors which include significant economic and ecological value, as well as desirability or attractiveness. [ 40 ]
The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is an intergovernmental organization established to improve the interface between science and policy on issues of biodiversity and ecosystem services. [47] [48] It is intended to serve a similar role to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [49]
Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and is a measure of how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community. [1] Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area.
India has an estimated 92,873 species of fauna, roughly about 7.5% of the species available worldwide. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Insects form the major category with 63423 recorded species. India is home to 423 mammals , 1233 birds , 526 reptiles , 342 amphibians , 3022 fish apart from other species which form 7.6% of mammal, 14.7% of amphibian, 6% of bird ...