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Genaille–Lucas rulers (also known as Genaille's rods) are an arithmetic tool invented by Henri Genaille, a French railway engineer, in 1891. The device is a variant of Napier's bones . By representing the carry graphically, the user can read off the results of simple multiplication problems directly, with no intermediate mental calculations .
A ruler, marked in centimeters (top), and inches (bottom). The rising and falling pattern of vertical lines on the inch scale resembles the ruler function. In number theory , the ruler function of an integer n {\displaystyle n} can be either of two closely related functions.
^ * The optimal ruler would have been known before this date; this date represents that date when it was discovered to be optimal (because all other rulers were proved to not be smaller). For example, the ruler that turned out to be optimal for order 26 was recorded on 10 October 2007, but it was not known to be optimal until all other ...
The table below lists these rulers, up to rulers with 13 marks. Mirror images are not shown. Rulers that can fully measure up to a longer distance than any shorter ruler with the same number of marks are highlighted.
[9] [10] There are rarely scales for addition and subtraction but a workaround is possible. [note 4] [11] The rule illustrated is an Aristo 0972 HyperLog, which has 31 scales. [note 5] The scales in the table below are those appropriate for general mathematical use rather than for specific professions.
Javal's rule is a mathematical formula used to estimate astigmatism based on keratometry readings. [1] The estimate is useful for high cylinder measures, generally over -2.00 diopters. The estimate is found by multiplying the difference in power between the two meridians by 1.25 and factoring in the average lenticular astigmatism, which is -0. ...
The Wallace rule of nines is a tool used in pre-hospital and emergency medicine to estimate the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn.In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for estimating patients' fluid requirements and determining hospital admission criteria.
There is a papier-mâché cylinder (marked D in the annotated photograph) some 30 centimetres (12 inches) long and 6.2 centimetres (2.4 in) in diameter fastened to a mahogany handle. A second papier-mâché cylinder (marked C ) – 16.3 centimetres (6.4 in) long and 8.1 centimetres (3.2 in) diameter – is a slide fit over the first.