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Patients with hyperbilirubinemia generally have poor outcome, particularly those with liver-dysfunction led jaundice. Drug-induced liver injury, as Hy's law states, patients with bilirubin of >3 mg/dL have 10% mortality rate. [36] End stage liver disease models also include hyperbilirubinemia as a critical parameter in prognosis of cirrhosis.
Posthepatic jaundice (obstructive jaundice) is caused by a blockage of bile ducts that transport bile containing conjugated bilirubin out of the liver for excretion. [29] This is a list of conditions that can cause posthepatic jaundice: Choledocholithiasis (common bile duct gallstones). It is the most common cause of obstructive jaundice.
Mirizzi's syndrome is a rare complication in which a gallstone becomes impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder causing compression of the common hepatic duct, resulting in obstruction and jaundice. The obstructive jaundice can be caused by direct extrinsic compression by the stone or from fibrosis caused by chronic cholecystitis ...
Jaundice of the skin or eyes is an important physical finding in biliary obstruction. Jaundice and/or clay-colored stool may raise suspicion of choledocholithiasis or even gallstone pancreatitis. [1] If the above symptoms coincide with fever and chills, the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis may also be considered.
Usually none, still, abdominal pain, nausea, tired and weak feeling, slight jaundice may present [1] Complications: Usually none [1] Causes: Genetic [1] Differential diagnosis: Crigler–Najjar syndrome, Rotor syndrome, Dubin–Johnson syndrome [2] Treatment: None typically needed [1] Frequency ~5% [3]
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Post-hepatic causes are associated with elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin. [21] These include: [21] Unusually large bile duct obstruction, e.g. gallstone in common bile duct (which is the most common post-hepatic cause) Biliary stricture (benign or malignant) Cholangitis; Severe liver failure with cirrhosis (e.g. primary biliary cirrhosis ...
Pathological jaundice in newborns should be suspected when the serum bilirubin level rises by more than 5 mg/dL per day, serum bilirubin more than the physiological range, clinical jaundice more than 2 weeks, and conjugated bilirubin (dark urine staining clothes). Haemolytic jaundice is the commonest