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The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase is a multifunctional enzyme, with both RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent polymerase functions, as well as an RNase H function. It acts on the HBV pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA) to reverse transcribe it to form a new rcDNA molecule within a new capsid.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, [1] a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This virus causes the disease hepatitis B .
Hepatitis B virus replication. The life cycle of hepatitis B virus is complex. Hepatitis B is one of a few known pararetroviruses: non-retroviruses that still use reverse transcription in their replication process. The virus gains entry into the cell by binding to NTCP [51] on the surface and being endocytosed. Because the virus multiplies via ...
At a wavelength of 260 nm, the average extinction coefficient for double-stranded DNA is 0.020 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1, for single-stranded DNA it is 0.027 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1, for single-stranded RNA it is 0.025 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1 and for short single-stranded oligonucleotides it is dependent on the length and base composition.
Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis delta virus; it belongs to the genus Deltavirus. HDV is similar to a satellite virus as it can only propagate in the presence of the hepatitis B virus, depending on the helper function of HBV for its replication and expression. It has no independent life cycle, but can survive ...
HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein, produced by the HBcAg reading frame. It is an indicator of active viral replication ; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).
HBx has large effects on the transcription levels of many genes. In a transgenic mouse model expressing the HBx gene of hepatitis B virus (but not other HBV genes), most mice developed hepatic tumors. [14] In these HBx transgenic mice there were 10,553 differentially DNA methylated regions (6,668 hypermethylated and 3,885 hypomethylated regions).
HBsAg under a transmission electron microscope: the protein self assembles into virus-like particles. HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its presence in blood indicates existing hepatitis B infection.