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In scientific pitch notation, a specific octave is indicated by a numerical subscript number after note name. In this notation, middle C is C 4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C 5.
Thus, A 0 refers to the first A above C 0 and middle C (the one-line octave's C or simply c′) is denoted as C 4 in SPN. For example, C 4 is one note above B 3, and A 5 is one note above G 5. The octave number is tied to the alphabetic character used to describe the pitch, with the division between note letters ‘B’ and ‘C’, thus:
A jump from the lowest semitone to the highest semitone in one octave doubles the frequency (for example, the fifth A is 440 Hz and the sixth A is 880 Hz). The frequency of a pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.059463).
Octave clef Treble and bass clefs can be modified by octave numbers. An "8" below the clef (as in the third diagram) indicates that pitches will sound an octave lower than they would with the unmodified clef. A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher.
If you’re using a desktop, your keyboard probably has a number pad off to the right-hand-side. The top left corner has a key called NumLock, or number lock. To use alt key codes for keyboard ...
The octave below tenor C is called the "great" octave. Notes in it and are written as upper case letters. The next lower octave is named "contra". Notes in it include a prime symbol below the note's letter. Names of subsequent lower octaves are preceded with "sub". Notes in each include an additional prime symbol below the note's letter.
A 7/8 size (140 mm (5.5 in) octave span) keyboard was developed by Canadian Christopher Donison in the 1970s. This size, along with the 15/16 size (152 mm (6.0 in) octave span) and a smaller size (130 mm (5.1 in) octave span) have since been developed and marketed by Steinbuhler & Company in Pennsylvania.
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