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Five types of rootstock predominate in temperate climates where cold or freezing weather is not probable, especially Florida and southern Europe: A double graft union of diamante citron upon sour orange rootstock. Sour orange: the only rootstock that truly is an orange (the Citrus × aurantium or bitter orange). It is vigorous and highly ...
To do this, find an actively growing but slightly matured shoot on a lemon tree and cut a small section just below the leaf. Add rooting hormone to the cut to encourage growth.
Rough lemon (Citrus × jambhiri Lush.) is the fruit and the tree of a citrus hybrid. Like the rangpur, it is a cross between mandarin orange and citron. Rough lemon is a cold-hardy citrus and can grow into a large tree. The rough lemon is mostly rind, making it less edible than other citrus.
It is resistant to citrus tristeza virus and exocortis but is sensitive to root asphyxia and Phytophthora. [2] [4] One of the down sides to using the rootstock is it grows slow in the early years. In the right conditions it can induce high productivity and excellent fruit quality, although these are usually somewhat smaller than with others.
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The rootstock is very susceptible to fire blight and can develop burr knots. [3] M.25: Very vigorous — Suitable for a grassed orchard, and to grow on as a full standard. Plant 20 ft (6.1 m) apart, makes a tree of 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6.1 m) or more height and spread, eventually yielding 200 to 400 lb (91 to 181 kg) per tree.
The purpose of this cross was to attempt to create a cold hardy citrus tree (which is the nature of a trifoliate), with delicious fruit like those of the sweet orange. However, citranges are generally bitter. Citrange is used as a rootstock for citrus in Morocco, but does not prevent dry root rot or exocortis disease. [2]
Citrumelo is widely employed as a citrus rootstock, [1] being resistant to the severe citrus tristeza virus and to phytophthora root rot as well as to blight, cold, and citrus nematode. [2] The trees can survive temperatures into the teens ( Fahrenheit ); [ 3 ] one specimen in North Carolina reportedly survived temperatures below zero Fahrenheit.