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Algae can be converted into various types of fuels, depending on the production technologies and the part of the cells used. The lipid, or oily part of the algae biomass can be extracted and converted into biodiesel through a process similar to that used for any other vegetable oil, or converted in a refinery into "drop-in" replacements for petroleum-based fuels.
Algae.Tec - an advanced biofuels company focused on commercializing technology that produces algae to manufacture sustainable fuels such as biodiesel and green jet fuel; Bio Fuels Pty Ltd - a Victor Smorgon Group company; developing algae biofuels technology in Victoria; oil from the algae will go into the BioMax biodiesel produced by Smorgon Fuels
This financial incentive for algae biofuel research has facilitated the creation of many algae strains that can be converted to fuel. Current economic assessments cite large-scale pond-cultivated algae fuel prices ranging from at $0.42 to $7.50 per Liter. [4]
While its history dates back to 1978, much of the research from 1978 to 1982 was focused on using algae to produce hydrogen. The program switched emphasis to other transportation fuels, in particular biodiesel, beginning in the early 1980s. [2] In 1995, DOE made the decision to eliminate funding for algae research within the Biofuels Program.
A self-published article by Michael Briggs, at the UNH Biodiesel Group, offers estimates for the realistic replacement of all vehicular fuel with biodiesel by utilizing algae that have a natural oil content greater than 50%, which Briggs suggests can be grown on algae ponds at wastewater treatment plants. [168]
The so-called "third-generation biofuels", similar to second-generation biofuels with an emphasize on the use of algae and cyanobacteria as a source of biofuel feedstocks, have an additional advantage as they take up a relatively small fraction of space when compared to first and second-generation biofuel sources, and may also help to reduce seawater eutrophication.
Seed oils, including peanut oil and sunflower oil, have been in the news a lot recently. Dietitians explain if seed oils are healthy, and health risks of them.
Oil productivity is defined as the oil produced by the algae per day per liter of culture, which is dependent on both growth rate and lipid content. Growth rate indicates how rapid the algae grow and lipid content indicates the percentage of dry weight that is lipid. [2] In most of the studies, these two factors are investigated independently.