Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Enthalpies of melting and boiling for pure elements versus temperatures of transition, demonstrating Trouton's rule. In thermodynamics, Trouton's rule states that the (molar) entropy of vaporization is almost the same value, about 10.5 in nondimesnional units, or 85–88 if expressed in units J/(K·mol), for various kinds of liquids at their boiling points. [1]
For each billion ethanol-equivalent gallons of fuel produced and combusted in the US, the combined climate-change and health costs are $469 million for gasoline, $472–952 million for corn ethanol depending on biorefinery heat source (natural gas, corn stover, or coal) and technology, but only $123–208 million for cellulosic ethanol ...
The equilibrium is shifted in the direction of the substance that is preferentially stabilized. ... Gas phase: 11.7 Cyclohexane: 42 ... 7.2 Benzene: 14.7 Ethanol: 5.8 ...
This can be illustrated by the equilibrium of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, reacting to form methanol. C O + 2 H 2 ⇌ CH 3 OH. Suppose we were to increase the concentration of CO in the system. Using Le Chatelier's principle, we can predict that the concentration of methanol will increase, decreasing the total change in CO.
This will tend to put downward pressure on the price to make it return to equilibrium. Likewise where the price is below the equilibrium point (also known as the "sweet spot" [3]) there is a shortage in supply leading to an increase in prices back to equilibrium. Not all equilibria are "stable" in the sense of equilibrium property P3.
Gas properties Std enthalpy change ... Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Benzene/Ethanol [5] P = 760 mm Hg BP Temp. ... Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Benzene/Acetone [5] P ...
Tight refining supply has kept the gap wide between wholesale gasoline futures and retail prices, currently at about $1.25 a gallon, far exceeding the average of 88 cents over the past five years.
In the late 1980s and 1990s, an oil surplus drives gasoline prices down as low as $12 per barrel, driving most of the ethanol industry into bankruptcy. In 1990 and 1992 , Congress passes amendments to the Clean Air Act encouraging the use of ethanol and other oxygenated fuels as replacements for benzene, toluene and xylene octane boosters.