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  2. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas

    ' Central Bank of the Philippines '; commonly abbreviated as BSP in both Filipino and English) is the central bank of the Philippines. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993 pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 [ 2 ] as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New ...

  3. Monetary policy of the Philippines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the...

    In the Philippines, monetary policy is the way the central bank, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, controls the supply and availability of money, the cost of money, and the rate of interest. With fiscal policy (government spending and taxes), monetary policy allows the government to influence the economy, control inflation, and stabilize ...

  4. List of countries by exchange rate regime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2]; Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor

  5. Philippine peso - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_peso

    By 1962 the task of maintaining the old ₱2 per dollar parity while defending available reserves has become untenable under the new Diosdado Macapagal administration, opening up a new decontrol era from 1962 to 1970 where foreign exchange restrictions were dismantled and a new free-market exchange rate of ₱3.90 per dollar was adopted since ...

  6. List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Central banks can buy or sell foreign currency to influence exchange rates directly. For example, if a currency is depreciating, a central bank can sell its reserves in foreign currency to buy its own currency, creating demand and helping to stabilize its value. High levels of reserves instill confidence among investors and traders.

  7. List of central banks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_central_banks

    Central bank name Currency Currency share percentage of global allocated reserves in Q4 2022 (%) Central bank governor Native name of central bank Establishment United States: Federal Reserve: United States dollar: 58.36 Jerome Powell: 1913 European Union: European Central Bank: Euro: 20.47 Christine Lagarde: 1998 Japan: Bank of Japan: Japanese ...

  8. Central bank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank

    A central bank may use another country's currency either directly in a currency union, or indirectly on a currency board. In the latter case, exemplified by the Bulgarian National Bank, Hong Kong and Latvia (until 2014), the local currency is backed at a fixed rate by the central bank's holdings of a foreign currency. Similar to commercial ...

  9. Exchange rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate

    Selling rate: Also known as the foreign exchange selling price, it refers to the exchange rate used by the bank to sell foreign exchange to customers. It indicates how much the country's currency needs to be recovered if the bank sells a certain amount of foreign exchange. Middle rate: The average of the bid price and the ask price.