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  2. Homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

    The use of sovereign power, codes of conduct, religious and cultural practices and other dynamic processes in a society can be described as a part of an evolved homeostatic system of regularizing life and maintaining an overall equilibrium that protects the security of the whole from internal and external imbalances or dangers.

  3. Electrolyte imbalance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte_imbalance

    Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance , oxygen delivery , acid–base balance and much more.

  4. Acid–base homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_homeostasis

    An acid-base diagram for human plasma, showing the effects on the plasma pH when P CO 2 in mmHg or Standard Base Excess (SBE) occur in excess or are deficient in the plasma [23] Acid–base imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of the normal range (7.32 to 7.42 [16]).

  5. Energy homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_homeostasis

    Energy intake is measured by the amount of calories consumed from food and fluids. [1] Energy intake is modulated by hunger, which is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, [1] and choice, which is determined by the sets of brain structures that are responsible for stimulus control (i.e., operant conditioning and classical conditioning) and cognitive control of eating behavior.

  6. Fluid balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_balance

    Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.

  7. Acid–base disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_disorder

    Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45). In the fetus , the normal range differs based on which umbilical vessel is sampled ( umbilical vein pH is normally 7.25 to 7.45; umbilical artery pH is normally 7.18 to 7.38 ...

  8. Osmoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation

    Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

  9. Stimulus (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)

    Homeostatic imbalances that can serve as internal stimuli include nutrient and ion levels in the blood, oxygen levels, and water levels. Deviations from the homeostatic ideal may generate a homeostatic emotion, such as pain, thirst or fatigue, that motivates behavior that will restore the body to stasis (such as withdrawal, drinking or resting ...