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A voussoir (/ v u ˈ s w ɑːr /) is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault. [1] Although each unit in an arch or vault is a voussoir, two units are of distinct functional importance: the keystone and the springer. The keystone is the centre stone or masonry unit at the apex of an arch.
A corbel arch is constructed by offsetting successive horizontal courses of stone (or brick) beginning at the springline of the walls (the point at which the walls break off from verticality to form an arc toward the apex at the archway's center) so that they project towards the archway's center from each supporting side, until the courses meet ...
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts , also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", [ 1 ] although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring ...
As such, rock art is a form of landscape art, and includes designs that have been placed on boulder and cliff faces, cave walls, and ceilings, and on the ground surface. [17] Rock art is a global phenomenon, being found in many different regions of the world. [ 1 ]
Illustration to Serlio, rusticated doorway of the type now called a Gibbs surround, 1537. Although rustication is known from a few buildings of Greek and Roman antiquity, for example Rome's Porta Maggiore, the method first became popular during the Renaissance, when the stone work of lower floors and sometimes entire facades of buildings were finished in this manner. [4]
The Bannerstones started off as smaller sized stones that were shaped into various different forms. These highly finished stones often had mythical or spiritual shapes that showed through these stones. Hinting at the possibility that these bannerstones could serve more of a cultural purpose than just proof of transactions.
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The hardest stone frequently carved is granite, at about 8 on the Mohs scale. It is the most durable of sculptural stones and, correspondingly, an extremely difficult stone to work. [2] Basalt columns, being even harder than the granite, are less frequently carved. This stone takes on a beautiful black appearance when polished.