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In the US, infections causing gastroenteritis are the second most common infection (after the common cold), and they result in between 200 and 375 million cases of acute diarrhea [17] [18] and approximately ten thousand deaths annually, [17] with 150 to 300 of these deaths in children less than five years of age. [1]
Antibiotics will not be effective if the cause of gastroenteritis is a viral infection. Doctors usually do not recommend antidiarrheal medications (e.g., Loperamide) for gastroenteritis because they tend to prolong infection, especially in children. [2] Parasitic infections are difficult to treat. A number of drugs are available once the ...
Focal, irregular and asymmetrical gastrointestinal wall thickening on CT scan suggests a malignancy. [9] Segmental or diffuse gastrointestinal wall thickening is most often due to ischemic, inflammatory or infectious disease. [9] Though less common, medications such as ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema and small bowel thickening. [10]
People are usually stratified into having either variceal or non-variceal sources of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, as the two have different treatment algorithms and prognosis. [citation needed] The causes for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage include the following: Esophageal causes (gastrorrhagia): Esophageal varices; Esophagitis ...
Treatment strategies should focus on identifying and correcting the root causes, where possible, resolving nutritional deficiencies, and administering antibiotics. This is especially important for patients with indigestion and malabsorption. [4] Although whether antibiotics should be a first line treatment is a matter of debate.
Gastrointestinal conditions include inflammation of the small and/or large intestine, diarrhea/dysentery, abdominal pains, and nausea/vomiting. These symptoms negatively impact nutritional status, including decreased absorption of micronutrients , loss of appetite, weight loss, and intestinal blood loss that can often result in anemia .
Salmonella is a genus of bacteria, known to cause gastrointestinal infections. [15] Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium known to cause skin infections and sepsis, among other pathologies. Notably, S. aureus has evolved several drug-resistant strains, including MRSA. [16] [17] Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes respiratory ...
An upper GI bleed is more common than lower GI bleed. [2] An upper GI bleed occurs in 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year. [8] A lower GI bleed is estimated to occur in 20 to 30 per 100,000 per year. [2] It results in about 300,000 hospital admissions a year in the United States. [1] Risk of death from a GI bleed is between 5% and 30%.