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The end-products of the germ cell cycle are the egg or sperm. [4] Under special conditions in vitro germ cells can acquire properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The underlying mechanism of that change is still unknown. These changed cells are then called embryonic germ cells.
In the bryophyte land plants, fertilisation takes place within the archegonium. This moss has been genetically modified so that the unfertilised egg within the archegonium produces a blue colour. The gametes that participate in fertilisation of plants are the sperm (male) and the egg (female) cell.
The gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both), by a process of cell division, called mitosis. In vascular plants with separate gametophytes, female gametophytes are known as mega gametophytes (mega=large, they produce the large egg cells) and the male gametophytes are called micro gametophytes (micro=small, they produce the small ...
They differentiate in the gonads from primordial germ cells into gametogonia, which develop into gametocytes, which develop into the final gametes. [1] This process is known as gametogenesis. Germ cells pass on genetic material through the process of sexual reproduction. This includes fertilization, recombination and meiosis. These processes ...
Male germ cells produced in the testes of animals are capable of special DNA repair processes that function during meiosis to repair DNA damages and to maintain the integrity of the genomes that are to be passed on to progeny. [19] Such DNA repair processes include homologous recombinational repair as well as non-homologous end joining. [19]
Overview of chromatides' and chromosomes' distribution within the mitotic and meiotic cycle of a male human cell. Meiosis occurs in all animals and plants. The result, the production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, is the same, but the detailed process is different. In animals, meiosis produces gametes directly.
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle. This process starts with the mitotic division of the stem cells located close to the basement membrane of the tubules. [1] These cells are called spermatogonial stem cells. The mitotic division of these produces two ...
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in stamens and is carried to the pistil or carpel , which has the ovule at its base where fertilization can take place.