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There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.
Most liberalism in Europe is conservative or classical whilst European social liberalism and progressivism is rooted in classical radicalism, a left-wing classical liberal idea. Liberalism in Europe is broadly divided into two groups: "social" (or "left-") and "conservative" (or "right-"). [1] This differs from the American method of dividing ...
The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...
European integration (in Europe): Euroscepticism vs. European federalism; nation state vs. multinational state. Globalization: Nationalism or Patriotism vs. Cosmopolitanism or Internationalism; sovereignty vs. global governance. Openness: closed (culturally conservative and protectionist) vs. open (socially liberal and globalist).
Maryland (US: / ˈ m ɛr ɪ l ə n d / ⓘ MERR-il-ənd) [b] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. [9] [10] It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east, and the national capital and federal district of Washington, D.C. to the southwest.
Many countries have political parties that are deemed to represent conservative, center-right, right wing, or Tory views, and which may be referred to informally as conservative parties even if not explicitly named so. Those parties are listed below, many of which are members of the International Democracy Union.
Civic Platform is considered economically liberal or conservative-liberal, however, it is conservative in terms of ideology. Created in 2015, liberal Modern (member ALDE) entered parliament in 2015 elections. In Poland, there is also conservative and liberal party KORWiN, which was established in 2015 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke.
Parties represented in national parliaments or the European Parliament are generally included in the below chart, while independents were omitted. Great ideological diversity can be found in most European political alliances, and individual country rows may not correspond with the heuristic left-right spectrum commonly used within its own political discourse.