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Cobalamin biosynthesis is the process by which bacteria and archea make cobalamin, vitamin B 12. Many steps are involved in converting aminolevulinic acid via uroporphyrinogen III and adenosylcobyric acid to the final forms in which it is used by enzymes in both the producing organisms and other species, including humans who acquire it through ...
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them.
The synthesis constitutes a formal total synthesis, since the research groups only prepared the known intermediate cobyric acid, whose chemical conversion to vitamin B 12 was previously reported. This synthesis of vitamin B 12 is of no practical consequence due to its length, taking 72 chemical steps and giving an overall chemical yield well ...
The structure of vitamin B 12 was the first low-molecular weight natural product determined by x-ray analysis rather than by chemical degradation. Thus, while the structure of this novel type of complex biomolecule was established, its chemistry remained essentially unknown; exploration of this chemistry became one of the tasks of the vitamin's chemical synthesis.
Selenium plays important roles in hormone function, a healthy metabolism, DNA synthesis and protection from oxidative damage and infection, notes the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH ...
Storage and synthesis: acts as a storage centre for lipids and water, as well as a means of synthesis of vitamin D by action of UV on certain parts of the skin. Excretion: sweat contains urea, however its concentration is 1/130th that of urine, hence excretion by sweating is at most a secondary function to temperature regulation.
Vitamin B6: 28% of the DV. Aniko Hobel - Getty Images ... the essential amino acid that triggers muscle synthesis. Incorporate them into stir-fries, roast them with a pinch of salt, or boil them ...
Ordon reiterates that direct sun exposure — a.k.a. being outside in the sun — can help the body produce enough vitamin D, but for the vast majority of people in the U.S., this is only possible ...