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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
Other causes [citation needed] Ingestion of ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, or other acidifying salts; The treatment and recovery phases of diabetic ketoacidosis; Volume resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline provides a chloride load, so that infusing more than 3–4L can cause acidosis; Hyperalimentation (i.e., total parenteral nutrition)
Electrolyte disturbances are involved in many disease processes and are an important part of patient management in medicine. [1] [2] The causes, severity, treatment, and outcomes of these disturbances can differ greatly depending on the implicated electrolyte. [3]
The most common causes are vitamin D deficiency [47] (caused by lack of sunlight, diet or malabsorption) and chronic kidney failure. [citation needed] Vitamin D deficiency can result from malabsorption or decreased vitamin D intake such as with gastric bypass, small bowel disease, pancreatic disease, and dietary causes. [48]
Fanconi syndrome or Fanconi's syndrome (English: / f ɑː n ˈ k oʊ n i /, / f æ n-/) is a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules [1] of the kidney.The syndrome can be caused by various underlying congenital or acquired diseases, by toxicity (for example, from toxic heavy metals), or by adverse drug reactions. [2]
"Fluoride is an industrial waste associated with arthritis, bone fractures, bone cancer, IQ loss, neurodevelopmental disorders and thyroid disease," RFK wrote in a post on X in November.
PHA1 is an heterogeneous disease, which can be caused by mutations in different genes. On one hand, mutations on the gene NR3C2 (coding the mineralocorticoid receptor) cause the synthesis of a non-functional receptor which is unable to bind aldosterone or function correctly. In the kidney, aldosterone plays an important role of regulating ...
Colorectal cancer used to be considered an older person’s disease, but it’s now the top cause of cancer death in men under 50 and the second in women in this age group, according to the latest ...