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The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen. [1] Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy.
The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas to facilitate visualization and, often, a small video camera is used to show the procedure on a monitor in the operating room. The surgeon manipulates instruments within the abdominal cavity to perform procedures such as cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), the most common laparoscopic procedure ...
"Gastro-" means stomach. Thus, gastrectomy refers to the surgical removal of the stomach (or sections thereof). "Otomy" means cutting into a part of the body; a gastrotomy would be cutting into, but not necessarily removing, the stomach. In addition, "pharyngo" means pharynx, "laryngo" means larynx, "esophag" means esophagus.
Bowel resection may be done as an open surgery, with a long incision in the abdomen. It may also be done laparoscopically or robotically by creating several small incisions in the abdomen through which surgical instruments are inserted. [2] [3] [4] Once the abdomen is accessed by one of these methods the surgery may proceed.
Laparoscopy is often used if the diagnosis is in doubt, or in order to leave a less visible surgical scar. Recovery may be slightly faster after laparoscopic surgery, although the laparoscopic procedure itself is more expensive and resource-intensive than open surgery and generally takes longer.
The skin and fat of the lower abdomen are detached in a more limited fashion from the muscle fascia. The skin is stretched down and excess skin removed. Sometimes the belly button stalk is divided from the muscle below and the belly button slid down lower on the abdominal wall. Sometimes a portion of the abdominal muscle fascia wall is tightened.
A related procedure is laparoscopy, where cameras and other instruments are inserted into the peritoneal cavity via small holes in the abdomen. For example, an appendectomy can be done either by a laparotomy or by a laparoscopic approach. There is no evidence of short-term or long-term advantages for peritoneal closure during laparotomy. [15]
bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; gastric bypass is one of four types of operations for severe obesity; laparoscopic surgery is equally effective and as safe as open surgery; patients should undergo comprehensive preoperative evaluation and have multi-disciplinary support for optimum outcome