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The Karen conflict is an armed conflict in Kayin State, ... The KNA evolved into the Karen National Union (KNU) in February 1947, one year before independence.
The Battle of Insein was a 1949 battle during the Karen conflict where the Karen National Defence Organisation briefly captured the town of Insein, 9 miles from Rangoon. [4] After 111 days of intense fighting, the KNDO failed their goal of capturing Rangoon, and retreated into the countryside. [5]
The aim of the KNU at first was independence. Since 1976 the armed group has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State. The Karen conflict is the second longest internal war in the world after the Dagohoy rebellion in the Philippines, having been waged for 85 years until 1829. [2] [3]
In 1952, as the conflict dragged on longer than KNU leadership expected, new KNDO militias were established in Karen-controlled townships with the support of the local populace- both Karen and Bamar. [15] In the 1960s the Karen leadership changed its approach to the war, withdrawing more from the Irrawaddy delta.
They refused to sign the Panglong Agreement of February 1947, which was the basis for the 1947 Constitution of Burma, and boycotted the pre-independence elections of April 1947. [4] Nonetheless, the constitution granted the Karen a state, though with an area less than what the Karen leadership had asked for from the British.
Graph of global conflict deaths from 1945 to 1989 from various sources. This is a list of wars that began between 1945 and 1989.Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.
On 1 September 1948, joint KNDO and ethnic Karen military police seized control of Thaton and Mawlamyine. This first move was poorly coordinated and would eventually spark the Karen conflict. Just four days later, the KNDO allowed central government forces to land in Mawlamyine before handing the city back. [5]
Continued attacks against Karen dominated townships around Rangoon and the arrest of Karen political leaders led the KNU to declare armed struggle, and the world's longest running civil war began. Early in the fighting, Karen forces overran much of northern Burma including towns such as Mandalay and established strong positions outside Rangoon ...