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Video: Automatic butt-welding machine. Butt welding is when two pieces of metal are placed end-to-end without overlap and then welded along the joint (as opposed to lap joint weld, where one piece of metal is laid on top of the other, or plug welding, where one piece of metal is inserted into the other).
This is the most common form of end lap and is used most in framing. For a half lap in which the members are parallel, the joint may be known as a half lap splice. This is a splice joint and is an alternative to scarfing when joining shorter members end to end. Both members in an end lap have one shoulder and one cheek each. Use for:
These include the T-butt, end-to-end butt, Miter butt and edge-to-edge butt. The T-butt joint is a very simple joint to construct. Members are simply docked (cut off) at a right angle and at the required length. One member will be shorter than the finished size by the thickness of the adjacent member.
A screw is then inserted through an opposing slot and tightened to create a pull effect. This type of join is a very common joint in factory-made furniture. Mitre joint: Similar to a butt joint, but both pieces have been beveled (usually at a 45-degree angle). Box joint: A corner joint with interlocking square fingers.
The simple halved joint is created by cutting a slot in opposite edges of the members to be joined so that they slip together. Most commonly, the amount of material removed is equal to half the width of the members being joined, although this depends on the relative dimensions of the members.
The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other, corresponding member. The tenon is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly. It usually has shoulders that seat when the joint fully enters the mortise hole. The joint may be glued, pinned, or wedged to lock it in place.