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Pine oil is a higher boiling fraction from turpentine. Both synthetic and natural pine oil consists mainly of α-terpineol, a C10 alcohol (b.p. 214–217 °C). [5] [1] Other components include dipentene and pinene. [6] The detailed composition of natural pine oil depends on many factors, such as the species of the host plant. [7]
It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Satureja myrtifolia (also known as Zoufa in some regions). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Both enantiomers are known in nature; (1 S ,5 S )- or (−)-α-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the (1 R ,5 R )- or (+)-α-isomer is more common in North America.
Cohune oil, from the Attalea cohune (cohune palm) used as a lubricant, for cooking, soapmaking and as a lamp oil. [80] Coriander seeds are the source of an edible pressed oil, Coriander seed oil. Coriander seed oil, from coriander seeds, used in a wide variety of flavoring applications, including gin and seasoning blends. [81]
Alpha-pinene is the most widely encountered terpenoid in nature [6] and is highly repellent to insects. [7]Alpha-pinene appears in conifers and numerous other plants. [8] Pinene is a major component of the essential oils of Sideritis spp. (ironwort) [9] and Salvia spp. (sage). [10]
Pine-Sol is a registered trade name of the Clorox Company for a line of household cleaning products, used to clean grease and heavy soil stains. Pine-Sol was based on pine oil when it was created in 1929 and during its rise to national popularity in the 1950s. [3]
The term terpene was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Kekulé to denote all hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16, of which camphene was one. Previously, many hydrocarbons having the empirical formula C 10 H 16 had been called "camphene", but many other hydrocarbons of the same composition had different names.