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The Nine-Power Treaty, concurrent with the Shantung Treaty of the Washington Naval Conference, effectively prompted Japan to return territorial control of Shandong province, of the Shandong Problem, to the Republic of China. [3] The Nine-Power Treaty was one of several treaties concluded at the Washington Naval Conference.
Several powers attempted to exploit loopholes in the treaty, though it is arguable whether these were technically violations of the treaty. The Japanese light aircraft carrier Ryūjō was an effort to exploit the definition of an aircraft carrier as being "a vessel of war with a displacement in excess of 10,000 tons", by building a carrier of ...
The naval treaty was concluded on February 6, 1922. Ratifications of the treaty were exchanged in Washington on August 17, 1923, and it was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on April 16, 1924. [17] Japan agreed to revert Shandong to Chinese control by an agreement concluded on February 4, 1922.
The main achievement was a series of naval disarmament postals agreed to by all the participants, which lasted for a decade. These resulted in three major treaties – Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty (the Washington Naval Treaty), the Nine-Power Treaty – and a number of smaller agreements. [9] [10] Britain now took the lead.
The Nine-Power Treaty Conference or Brussels Conference was convened in late October 1937 as a meeting for the signatories of the Nine Power Treaty to consider "peaceable means" for hastening the end of the renewed conflict between China and Japan, that had broken out in July. This Conference was held in accordance with a provision of the Nine ...
The Conference on the Limitation of Armament between the world's major nations ended in Washington, D.C., with the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty on China. [26] For the eighth time in less than a year, the cabinet of Portugal was reorganized, with António Maria da Silva becoming prime minister for the second ...
Concessions were partially curtailed in the Washington Naval Treaty and the Nine Power Treaty attempting to reaffirm the sovereignty of China. [20] [21] [22] Many foreigners arrived in the cities aiming primarily to get rich.
Those four powers as well as Italy also reached the Washington Naval Treaty, which established a ratio of battleship tonnage that each country agreed to respect. In the Nine-Power Treaty, each signatory agreed to respect the Open Door Policy in China, and Japan agreed to return Shandong to China. [21]