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The conflict began with Spain's seizure of the guano-rich Chincha Islands in one of a series of attempts by Spain, under Isabella II, to reassert its influence over its former South American colonies. The war saw the use of ironclads, including the Spanish armoured frigate Numancia, the first ironclad to circumnavigate the world.
The war largely settled (or set up, depending on one's point of view) the "Tacna-Arica dispute" or "Tacna-Arica controversy", [13] [14] and is sometimes known by that name as well, although the details took decades to resolve. Wanu (Spanish: guano) is a Quechua word for fertilizer. [15]
The Sovereignty of Islands Claimed Under the Guano Act and of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Midway and Wake (Report). Washington, D.C.: Department of State, Office of the Legal Advisor. Rogers, E.S. (September 30, 1932). The Sovereignty of Guano Islands in the Caribbean Sea (Report). Washington, D.C.: Department of State, Office of the Legal ...
Guano (Spanish from Quechua: wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats. Guano is a highly effective fertilizer due to the high content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, all key nutrients essential for plant growth. Guano was also, to a lesser extent, sought for the production of gunpowder and other explosive materials.
It was sustained on the substantial revenues generated by the export of guano and the strong leadership of president Ramón Castilla. The starting date for the guano era is commonly considered to be 1845, the year in which Castilla started his first administration. It ended shortly after the war between Spain and Peru in 1866. [citation needed]
The Guano Islands Act (11 Stat. 119, enacted August 18, 1856, codified at 48 U.S.C. ch. 8 §§ 1411-1419) is a United States federal law passed by the Congress that enables citizens of the United States to take possession of unclaimed islands containing guano deposits in the name of the United States. The islands can be located anywhere, so ...
China and Taiwan were separated at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, in which nationalists fled to the island while the communists took over the mainland.
The Chincha Islands were once the residence of the Chincha people, but only a few remains are to be found today. Peru began the export of guano in 1840. Spain, which did not recognize Peru's independence until 1879 and desired the guano profits, occupied the islands in April 1864, setting off the Chincha Islands War (1864–1866).
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