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Falcon 9 Block 5, the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world. This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list ...
Orbit of AMC-8 satellite around the Earth in 2000, transferring from a geostationary transfer orbit to a geostationary orbit. An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) is a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least one orbit.
Air-launch-to-orbit also works well as part of a combination launch system such as a reusable air-launched single-stage-to-skyhook launch vehicle powered by a rocket or jet engine. An additional benefit of air-launch-to-orbit is a reduced delta V needed to achieve orbit. This results in a greater payload to fuel ratio which reduces the cost per ...
The diagram shows a Hohmann transfer orbit to bring a spacecraft from a lower circular orbit into a higher one. It is an elliptic orbit that is tangential both to the lower circular orbit the spacecraft is to leave (cyan, labeled 1 on diagram) and the higher circular orbit that it is to reach (red, labeled 3 on diagram).
"Coelliptic orbits can be defined as two orbits that are coplanar and confocal. A property of coelliptic orbits is that the difference in magnitude between aligned radius vectors is nearly the same, regardless of where within the orbits they are positioned. For this and other reasons, coelliptic orbits are useful in [spacecraft] rendezvous". [14]
Space launch involves liftoff, when a rocket or other space launch vehicle leaves the ground, floating ship or midair aircraft at the start of a flight. Liftoff is of two main types: rocket launch (the current conventional method), and non-rocket spacelaunch (where other forms of propulsion are employed, including airbreathing jet engines).
Heavy-lift launch vehicles often carry payloads into higher-energy orbits, such as geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or heliocentric orbit (HCO). [3] An HLV is between a medium-lift launch vehicle and a super heavy-lift launch vehicle.
Low orbits are trajectories deep within the 'gravitational well' of a central body. Examples include low Earth orbit and low lunar orbit.Insertion into a low orbit can require substantial deceleration with respect to the central body or, for launch from a planetary surface, substantial acceleration to reach orbital speed.