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Figure 2 If the process is isobaric, then the work done on the piston is easily calculated. For example, if the gas expands slowly against the piston, the work done by the gas to raise the piston is the force F times the distance d. But the force is just the pressure P of the gas times the area A of the piston, F = PA. [4] Thus W = Fd; W = PAd ...
Isobaric expansion of 2 cubic meters of air at 300 Kelvin to 4 cubic meters, causing the temperature to increase to 600 Kelvin while the pressure remains the same. In the first process example, a cylindrical chamber 1 m 2 in area encloses 81.2438 mol of an ideal diatomic gas of molecular mass 29 g mol −1 at 300 K. The surrounding gas is at 1 ...
The difference between an idealized cycle and actual performance may be significant. [2] For example, the following images illustrate the differences in work output predicted by an ideal Stirling cycle and the actual performance of a Stirling engine:
In this particular example, processes 1 and 3 are isothermal, whereas processes 2 and 4 are isochoric. The PV diagram is a particularly useful visualization of a quasi-static process, because the area under the curve of a process is the amount of work done by the system during that process.
Equivalent to an isochoric process (constant volume) When the index n is between any two of the former values (0, 1, γ , or ∞), it means that the polytropic curve will cut through (be bounded by ) the curves of the two bounding indices.
For example, when heating an amount of gas in an elastic container, its volume and pressure will both increase, even if the atmospheric pressure outside the container is kept constant. Therefore, the effective heat capacity of the gas, in that situation, will have a value intermediate between its isobaric and isochoric capacities C p ...
A model of a four-phase Stirling cycle. Most thermodynamics textbooks describe a highly simplified form of Stirling cycle consisting of four processes. This is known as an "ideal Stirling cycle", because it is an "idealized" model, and not necessarily an optimized cycle.
An isochoric process is exemplified by the heating or the cooling of the contents of a sealed, inelastic container: The thermodynamic process is the addition or removal of heat; the isolation of the contents of the container establishes the closed system; and the inability of the container to deform imposes the constant-volume condition.