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[4] [5] Phytochemicals under research can be classified into major categories, such as carotenoids [6] and polyphenols, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes or lignans. [5] Flavonoids can be further divided into groups based on their similar chemical structure, such as anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, and flavanols.
orange pigments . α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.; β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
Although anthocyanins have been shown to have antioxidant properties in vitro, [49] there is no evidence for antioxidant effects in humans after consuming foods rich in anthocyanins. [ 5 ] [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Unlike controlled test-tube conditions, the fate of anthocyanins in vivo shows they are poorly conserved (less than 5%), with most of what is ...
Lycopene is an antioxidant commonly found in tomatoes — it has been shown to prevent cell damage and provide myriad benefits to the body, including but not limited to helping improve sperm count ...
On the contrary, research indicates that although polyphenols are antioxidants in vitro, antioxidant effects in vivo are probably negligible or absent. [3] [4] [5] By non-antioxidant mechanisms still undefined, polyphenols may affect mechanisms of cardiovascular disease or cancer. [6]
Other tests measure the antioxidant capacity of a fraction. Some make use of the ABTS radical cation which is reactive towards most antioxidants including phenolics, thiols and vitamin C. [25] During this reaction, the blue ABTS radical cation is converted back to its colorless neutral form. The reaction may be monitored spectrophotometrically.
As with all flavonoids, anthoxanthins have antioxidant properties and are important for nutrition. They are sometimes used as food additives to add color or flavor to foods. One of the most well-known anthoxanthins is quercetin , which is found in many fruits and vegetables, including capers, red onions, and kale.
The nuts contain other beneficial micronutrients like zinc, copper, and magnesium, as well as phytonutrients that act as antioxidants. Enjoy them finely chopped on top of yogurt or blended into a ...