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Other primary metabolite vitamins include retinol (vitamin A), [25]: 304–305 synthesized in animals from plant-derived carotenoids via the mevalonate pathway, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), [25]: 492–493 which is synthesized from glucose in the liver of animals, though not in humans.
Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth and reproduction, plant metabolism and their external supply. In its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle, or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite .
Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [2] [3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators. [2]
Antinutrients may act by binding to vitamins and minerals, preventing their uptake, or inhibiting enzymes. Throughout history, humans have bred crops to reduce antinutrients, and cooking processes have developed to remove them from raw food materials and increase nutrient bioavailability , notably in staple foods such as cassava .
1 cup = 100 to 144 IU Vitamin D (17% to 24% DV) Many plant-based milks, such as almond, soy and oat milks, are fortified with vitamin D to match the levels found in cow’s milk. A 1-cup serving ...
Biotin, synthesized in plants, is essential to plant growth and development. [22] Bacteria also synthesize biotin, [23] and it is thought that bacteria resident in the large intestine may synthesize biotin that is absorbed and utilized by the host organism. [18] Biosynthesis starts from two precursors, alanine and pimeloyl-CoA. These form 7 ...