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A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers to display information. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly [1] but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. [2]
By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries. The first handheld calculator was a 1967 prototype called Cal Tech, whose development was led by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in a research project to produce a portable calculator. It could add ...
Having supplanted passive-matrix LCDs in general use, in common vernacular, an active-matrix LCD is also simply referred to as a LCD. As of 2025, the term "AMLCD" is uncommon as a matter of technical jargon ; instead, due to their ubiquity, different types of active-matrix liquid crystal displays are usually specified — TFT LCD , IPS LCD ...
Second, the LCD may initially be in one of three states: State 1: 8-bit mode; State 2: 4-bit mode, waiting for the first set of 4 bits; State 3: 4-bit mode, waiting for the second set of 4 bits; State 3 may occur, for example, if a prior control was aborted after sending only the first 4 bits of a command while the HD44780 was in 4-bit mode.
In 2008, LCD TV shipments were up 33 percent year-on-year compared to 2007 to 105 million units. [10] In 2009, LCD TV shipments raised to 146 million units (69% from the total of 211 million TV shipments). [11] In 2010, LCD TV shipments reached 187.9 million units (from an estimated total of 247 million TV shipments). [12] [13]
That is to say, LED TVs are LCD TVs -- they just have an extra feature that older LCD TVs lacked. LED TVs, in contrast to older LCDs, have LED backlighting, leading to modest improvements in the ...
The calculator took advantage of an effect of pulsed LED operation where very brief pulses of light are perceived as brighter than a longer pulse of light with the same time-integral of intensity. A keyboard matrix circuit has a very similar arrangement as a multiplexed display, and has many of the same advantages. In order to reduce the number ...
Seven-segment displays may use a liquid-crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED) for each segment, an electrochromic display, or other light-generating or -controlling techniques such as cold cathode gas discharge (neon) (), vacuum fluorescent (VFD), incandescent filaments (Numitron), and others.