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Newgate Prison was a prison at the corner of Newgate Street and Old Bailey, just inside the City of London, England, originally at the site of Newgate, a gate in the Roman London Wall. Built in the 12th century and demolished in 1904, the prison was extended and rebuilt many times, and remained in use for over 700 years, from 1188 to 1902.
Newgate Prison (Irish: Príosún an Gheata Nua) was a place of detention in Dublin, Ireland.It was initially located at Cornmarket, near Christ Church Cathedral, on the south side of the Liffey and was originally one of the city gates before being moved to a new purpose built prison on Green Street on the north side of the city in 1781.
Newgate lay on the west side of the wall and the road issuing from it headed over the River Fleet to Middlesex and western England. Beginning in the 12th century, parts of the gate buildings were used as a gaol , which later developed into Newgate Prison .
In 1688, the poor condition of Newgate Gaol led Bristol's Corporation to build a new gaol at Newgate, at a cost of £1,600. [16] Prisoners at Newgate had to pay for their own food and drink. In the 18th century there was even a 'tap-house' or bar inside the gaol, which served both prisoners and visitors. [17]
Lydia Sigourney met Mrs. Fry at Newgate in 1840 and wrote the poem Mrs. Fry at Newgate Prison in her honour, this being published in her volume, Pleasant Memories of Pleasant Lands, in 1842. [38] From 2001 to 2016, Fry was depicted on the reverse of £5 notes issued by the Bank of England. She was shown reading to prisoners at Newgate Prison.
The Ordinary of Newgate was the Newgate Prison chaplain. He was always a clergyman of the Established Church and was appointed by the Court of Aldermen of the City of London. The Court often issued orders to better define the Ordinary's duties, due to his neglect or absence. [3] Newgate Prison, Inner Court, 18th century. Wellcome L0001330
In England, his jails include the old City Gaol in Oxford (demolished 1870), the New Borough Gaol in Liverpool, county gaols in Gloucester and Northleach, the County Gaol in Ipswich, and Salop Prison in Shrewsbury. [1] He also altered the Newgate Gaol in Dublin and designed the Limerick and Monmouth County Gaol. [2]
The Newgate Calendar had a lasting legacy on early 19th-century crime fiction. Critics believed that the Calendars' publication would inspire copycat criminals and romanticize crime culture. There was a communal and social element to the stories.