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This is an incomplete list of ancient Greek cities, including colonies outside Greece, and including settlements that were not sovereign poleis.Many colonies outside Greece were soon assimilated to some other language but a city is included here if at any time its population or the dominant stratum within it spoke Greek.
Indeed, many toponyms in Modern Greek now have different names than were used in by Greek-speaking communities in the past. An example is Malta, which was called Μελίτη (Melítē) and was once home to a Greek-speaking community. However, this community is gone or assimilated, and the common Modern Greek name is Μάλτα (Málta, from ...
Within the Greek world, several military establishments resembled civilian towns. A phrourion (Ancient Greek: φρούριον) was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum (English fortress). The word carries a sense of being a watching entity.
The Greek Middle Ages are coterminous with the duration of the Byzantine Empire (330–1453). [citation needed]After 395 the Roman Empire split in two. In the East, Greeks were the predominant national group and their language was the lingua franca of the region.
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Amutria (Amutrion, Amutrium, Ancient Greek: Ἀμούτριον), a Dacian town close to the Danube, possibly today's Motru, Gorj County, Romania [12] Apulon (Apoulon, Apula), a fortress city close to modern Alba-Iulia, Romania from which the Latin name of Apulum is derived; Arcina [7] , a fortress town in Wallachia
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Strabo also notes that near the cities of Palaepharsalus and Pharsalus there was a shrine dedicated to Achilles' mother Thetis, the Thetideion. [7] Mycenean remains have been found in Pharsalus, and also in other sites nearby, [ 8 ] but according to Denys Page, whether the Homeric Phthia is to be identified with Pharsalus "remains as doubtful ...