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Adding zero to a variable is an AWK idiom for coercing it from a string to a numeric value. (Concatenating an empty string is to coerce from a number to a string, e.g. s "". Note, there's no operator to concatenate strings, they're just placed adjacently.) With the coercion the program prints "0" on an empty input, without it, an empty line is ...
Header fields are colon-separated key-value pairs in clear-text string format, terminated by a carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF) character sequence. The end of the header section is indicated by an empty field line, resulting in the transmission of two consecutive CR-LF pairs.
The number 0, the strings "0" and "", the empty list (), and the special value undef evaluate to false. [8] All else evaluates to true. Lua has a Boolean data type, but non-Boolean values can also behave as Booleans. The non-value nil evaluates to false, whereas every other data type
YAML (/ ˈ j æ m əl /, rhymes with camel [4]) was first proposed by Clark Evans in 2001, [15] who designed it together with Ingy döt Net [16] and Oren Ben-Kiki. [16]Originally YAML was said to mean Yet Another Markup Language, [17] because it was released in an era that saw a proliferation of markup languages for presentation and connectivity (HTML, XML, SGML, etc.).
Headers; An empty line; Optional HTTP message body data; The request/status line and headers must all end with <CR><LF> (that is, a carriage return followed by a line feed). The empty line must consist of only <CR><LF> and no other whitespace. The "optional HTTP message body data" is what this article defines.
The AWK Programming Language [1] is a well-known 1988 book written by Alfred V. Aho, Brian W. Kernighan, and Peter J. Weinberger and published by Addison-Wesley, often referred to as the gray book. [2] The book describes the AWK programming language and is the de facto standard for the language, written by its inventors. W.
The empty string should not be confused with the empty language ∅, which is a formal language (i.e. a set of strings) that contains no strings, not even the empty string. The empty string has several properties: |ε| = 0. Its string length is zero. ε ⋅ s = s ⋅ ε = s. The empty string is the identity element of the concatenation operation
Other tools like AWK can also be considered glue languages, as can any language implemented by a Windows Script Host engine (VBScript, JScript and VBA by default in Windows and third-party engines including implementations of Rexx, Perl, Tcl, Python, XSLT, Ruby, Modern Pascal, Delphi, and C).