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There was increasing mechanisation of Scottish agriculture and farming became less labour-intensive. [47] The UK membership of the European Economic Community (later the European Union) in 1972 began a change in orientation for Scottish farming. Some sectors, particularly hill sheep farming, became viable only with subsidies.
More commonly, there was a greater change in land use: the replacement of mixed farming (in which cattle provided a cash crop) with large-scale sheep farming. This involved displacement of the population to crofts on the same estate, other land in the Highlands, the industrial cities of Scotland or other countries.
A barley field at Brotherstone Hill South in the Scottish Borders. The history of agriculture in Scotland includes all forms of farm production in the modern boundaries of Scotland, from the prehistoric era to the present day. Scotland's good arable and pastoral land is found mostly in the south and east of the country.
The traditional system of agriculture in Scotland generally used the runrig system of management, which had possibly originated in the Late Middle Ages. The basic pre-improvement farming unit was the baile (in the Highlands) and the fermetoun (in the Lowlands). In each, a small number of families worked open-field arable and shared grazing.
Sheep farming or sheep husbandry is the raising and breeding of domestic ... Transactions of the Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland 51 (1939): 39–57.
Threshing and pig feeding from a book of hours from the Workshop of the Master of James IV of Scotland (Flemish, c. 1541). Agriculture in Scotland in the Middle Ages includes all forms of farm production in the modern boundaries of Scotland, between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century and the establishment of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century.
Generally, sheep and arable farming are more predominant in the Scottish Borders to the east, while dairy farming is traditionally more important in Dumfries and Galloway, [19] [20] although recent years here have seen a move away from cattle grazing towards sheep farming. [17]
It was formed in 1892 [2] as the National Sheep Breeders Association. [3] In 1969 it changed to its present name. It was initially established to facilitate communication between progressive breeders and improve sheep breeding management as well as provide a unified voice for the sheep industry. The association is a registered charity. [4]