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The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 2 June 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.
Many Italian wines were first introduced to the United States in the late 18th century. Italian vintners were first brought to the state of Florida in 1766 by Dr. Andrew Turnbull, a British Consul at Smyrna (now İzmir). Filippo Mazzei also cultivate vineyards, olives, and other Mediterranean fruit with the help of Italians. [36]
In 1916, Italy declared war on Germany. Some 650,000 Italian soldiers died and 950,000 were wounded, while the economy required large-scale Allied funding to survive. [166] [167] Before the war the government had ignored labor issues, but now it had to intervene to mobilize war production.
In 1908 there were 160 Italians residing in Haiti, according to the Italian consul De Matteis, of whom 128 lived in the capital Port-au-Prince. [177] In 2011, according to the Italian census, there were 134 Italians who were resident in Haiti, nearly all of them living in the capital.
Annual emigration averaged almost 220,000 in the period 1876 to 1900, and almost 650,000 from 1901 through 1915. Prior to 1900 the majority of Italian immigrants were from northern and central Italy. Two-thirds of the migrants who left Italy between 1870 and 1914 were men with traditional skills. Peasants were half of all migrants before 1896. [57]
In 2016, the Italian consulate in London estimated that 600,000 Italians were resident in the UK. [52] Instead, in the UK, there are around 500,000 British people of Italian ancestry. [5] An increase in the numbers of the Bangladeshi Italians in the UK have been witnessed since pre-Brexit. [38] [39] [40] [41]
From 1942 to 1943, Corsica and Nice (Italian Nizza) were temporarily annexed to the Kingdom of Italy, nearly fulfilling in those years the ambitions of Italian irredentism. For its avowed purpose, the movement had the "emancipation" of all Italian lands still subject to foreign rule after Italian unification.
There were discussions to maintain Tripolitania (a province of Italian Libya) as the last Italian colony, but these were not successful. In November 1949 the former Italian Somaliland then under British military administration, was made a 10-year United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration (Trust Territory of Somaliland).