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Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiˈʋaːdʑiː ˈbʱos(ə)le]; c. 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) [6] was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. [7] Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Confederacy.
Shivaji was the founder of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent. This article describes Shivaji's life from his birth until the age of 19 years (1630–1649). Shivaji was born at the hill fort of Shivneri on 1 March 1630, which corresponds to 19 February 1630 of the Julian calendar used by the
Shivaji IV: 1816 July 2, 1821 – Jan 03 1822 January 3, 1822 Shahaji I: 22 January 1802 3 January 1822 – 29 November 1838 29 November 1838 Shivaji V: 26 December 1830 1838–1866 4 August 1866 Rajaram II: April 13, 1850 August 18, 1866 – November 30, 1870 November 30, 1870 Shivaji VI: April 5, 1863 1871–1883 December 25, 1883 Shahu IV ...
Shivaji was an able administrator who established a government that included modern concepts such as cabinet, foreign policy and internal intelligence. [130] He established an effective civil and military administration. He believed that there was a close bond between the state and the citizens. He is remembered as a just and welfare-minded king.
By 1670s, Shivaji had acquired extensive territory and wealth from his campaigns. [5] [11] But, lacking a formal crown, he had no operational legitimacy to rule his de facto domain and technically, remained subject to his Mughal (or Deccan Sultanate) overlords; in the hierarchy of power, Shivaji's position remained similar to fellow Maratha chieftains.
[70] [71] He did not, however, place his protege on the throne as instructed by the Bijapur Sultan, but seized the kingdom and made himself king. Thus began the rule of the Marathas over Thanjavur. [72] Shivaji Maharaj also invaded Gingee and Thanjavur in 1676–1677 and made his brother Santaji the ruler of all lands to the north of the ...
The text describes several notable events in Shivaji's life, including Shivaji's killing of Afzal Khan, his visit to and escape from the Mughal court, his coronation, and his meeting with Venkoji. [3] Since the author was a contemporary of Shivaji, it is considered the most reliable bakhar about the king's life. [4]
Sambhaji (Sambhajiraje Shivajiraje Bhonsle, Marathi pronunciation: [saːmˈbʱaːdʑiː ˈbʱos(ə)le]; 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689), also known as Shambhuraje, ruled from 1681 to 1689 as the second king (Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Empire, a prominent state in early modern India. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha ...