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  2. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    There are additional names used for ions with multiple charges. For example, an ion with a −2 charge is known as a dianion and an ion with a +2 charge is known as a dication. A zwitterion is a neutral molecule with positive and negative charges at different locations within that molecule. [17]

  3. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    The charge of the resulting ions is a major factor in the strength of ionic bonding, e.g. a salt C + A − is held together by electrostatic forces roughly four times weaker than C 2+ A 2− according to Coulomb's law, where C and A represent a generic cation and anion respectively. The sizes of the ions and the particular packing of the ...

  4. Electric charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

    An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) that has lost one or more electrons, giving it a net positive charge (cation), or that has gained one or more electrons, giving it a net negative charge (anion). Monatomic ions are formed from single atoms, while polyatomic ions are formed from two or more atoms that have been bonded together, in each case ...

  5. Electrophoresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoresis

    Electrophoresis is the basis for analytical techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology to separate particles, molecules, or ions by size, charge, or binding affinity, either freely or through a supportive medium using a one-directional flow of electrical charge. [10] It is used extensively in DNA, RNA and protein analysis. [11]

  6. Flame test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

    Flame test of a few metal ions A flame test involves introducing a sample of the element or compound to a hot, non-luminous flame and observing the color of the flame that results. [ 4 ] The compound can be made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid, as metal halides , being volatile, give better results. [ 5 ]

  7. Charge number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number

    Atomic numbers (Z) are a special case of charge numbers, referring to the charge number of an atomic nucleus, as opposed to the net charge of an atom or ion. The charge numbers for ions (and also subatomic particles ) are written in superscript, e.g., Na + is a sodium ion with charge number positive one (an electric charge of one elementary ...

  8. Qualitative inorganic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis

    The solution is then treated with various reagents to test for reactions characteristic of certain ions, which may cause color change, precipitation and other visible changes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Qualitative inorganic analysis is that branch or method of analytical chemistry which seeks to establish the elemental composition of inorganic compounds ...

  9. Electroscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroscope

    It detects this by the movement of a test charge due to the Coulomb electrostatic force on it. The amount of charge on an object is proportional to its voltage . The accumulation of enough charge to detect with an electroscope requires hundreds or thousands of volts, so electroscopes are used with high voltage sources such as static electricity ...