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The Taj Mahal (/ ˌ t ɑː dʒ m ə ˈ h ɑː l, ˌ t ɑː ʒ-/ TAHJ mə-HAHL, TAHZH-; Hindi: [taːdʒ ˈmɛɦ(ɛ)l]; lit. ' Crown of the Palace ') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The focus and climax of the Taj Mahal complex is the symmetrical white marble tomb; a cubic building with chamfered corners, with arched recesses known as pishtaqs. It is topped by a large dome and several pillared, roofed chhatris. In plan, it has a near perfect symmetry about 4 axes.
Makrana marble is a type of white marble, popular for use in sculpture and building decor. It is mined in the town of Makrana in Rajasthan , India , and was used in the construction of several iconic monuments such as the Ram Mandir in Ayodhaya, Taj Mahal in Agra and Masjid-e-Rasheed in Deoband and the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata .
Light penetrates to the interior through delicate jali screens of intricately carved white marble. [7] [6] The interior decoration is considered by many to have inspired that of the Taj Mahal, which was built by her stepson, Mughal ruler Shah Jahan. Many of Nūr Jahān's relatives are interred in the mausoleum. [5]
The Taj Mahal is located outside of Agra and is the centre feature of a broader complex of buildings. [4] The Taj is a mausoleum for Shah Jahan's favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The broader complex includes the residential garden, the mosque, Mihman Khana (assembly hall), the wall towers, pool and garden wall pavilions. [14]
Pietra dura detail with semiprecious stones inlaid into white marble at the Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb in Agra is decorated with arabesques and geometric patterns. Floral 'parchin kari' work in the Taj Mahal, incorporating precious and semi-precious stone