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Cerebellar granule cells form the thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and are among the smallest neurons in the brain. (The term granule cell is used for several unrelated types of small neurons in various parts of the brain.) Cerebellar granule cells are also the most numerous neurons in the brain: in humans, estimates of their total ...
The only excitatory neurons present in the cerebellar cortex are granule cells. [10] Plasticity of the synapse between a parallel fiber and a Purkinje cell is believed to be important for motor learning. [11] The function of cerebellar circuits is entirely dependent on processes carried out by the granular layer.
Cerebellar granule cells, in contrast to Purkinje cells, are among the smallest neurons in the brain. They are also the most numerous neurons in the brain: In humans, estimates of their total number average around 50 billion, which means that about 3/4 of the brain's neurons are cerebellar granule cells. [11]
The cerebellar network contains a large number of connections between Golgi cells. [5] The main synapse made by these cells is a synapse onto the mossy fibre–granule cell excitatory synapse in a glomerulus. The glomerulus is made up of the mossy fibre terminal, granule cell dendrites, and the Golgi terminal, and is enclosed by a glial coat. [3]
This period is an important developmental stage of the cerebellum. The expansion of the EGL precursor cells creates a large population of neurons that outnumber Purkinje cells 250:1 in the adult cerebellar cortex. [6] The granule neurons in EGL express genes that play a specific and crucial role in cell proliferation.
The granule neurons migrate from this exterior layer to form an inner layer known as the internal granule layer. [19] The external granular layer ceases to exist in the mature cerebellum, leaving only granule cells in the internal granule layer. The cerebellar white matter may be a third germinal zone in the cerebellum; however, its function as ...
The NeuN/Fox-3 antibody binds to the small cerebellum granule cell neurons, which form a prominent layer. In contrast antibody to the close relative of NeuN/Fox-3, Fox-2, is shown in red. Fox-2 antibody stains Purkinje neurons and Golgi cell which are not recognized by the NeuN/Fox-3 antibody. The Purkinje cells form a layer above the much more ...
Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. These cells play significant roles in various brain functions, including inhibition in the cerebellum and excitation in the cortex, and are involved in synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling.