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  2. Computational complexity of mathematical operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity...

    5 Matrix algebra. 6 Transforms. 7 Notes. 8 References. ... Two -digit numbers: One -digit number Schoolbook long multiplication ... Pi, Binary splitting of ...

  3. Gauss–Legendre algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss–Legendre_algorithm

    It repeatedly replaces two numbers by their arithmetic and geometric mean, in order to approximate their arithmetic-geometric mean. The version presented below is also known as the Gauss–Euler , Brent–Salamin (or Salamin–Brent ) algorithm ; [ 1 ] it was independently discovered in 1975 by Richard Brent and Eugene Salamin .

  4. Approximations of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximations_of_π

    The bill was nearly passed by the Indiana General Assembly in the U.S., and has been claimed to imply a number of different values for π, although the closest it comes to explicitly asserting one is the wording "the ratio of the diameter and circumference is as five-fourths to four", which would make π = 16 ⁄ 5 = 3.2, a discrepancy of ...

  5. Mathematical coincidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_coincidence

    That is, where m is the number of miles, k is the number of kilometres and e is Euler's number. A density of one ounce per cubic foot is very close to one kilogram per cubic metre: 1 oz/ft 3 = 1 oz × 0.028349523125 kg/oz / (1 ft × 0.3048 m/ft) 3 ≈ 1.0012 kg/m 3 .

  6. Machin-like formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin-like_formula

    Machin-like formulas for π can be constructed by finding a set of integers , =, where all the prime factorisations of ⁠ + ⁠, taken together, use a number of distinct primes , and then using either linear algebra or the LLL basis-reduction algorithm to construct linear combinations of arctangents of . For example, in the Størmer formula ...

  7. Dirichlet's approximation theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet's_approximation...

    We write p/q as a finite continued fraction [a 0; a 1, ..., a n], where due to the fact that each rational number has two distinct representations as finite continued fractions differing in length by one (namely, one where a n = 1 and one where a n ≠ 1), we may choose n to be even. (In the case where α < p/q, we would choose n to be odd.)

  8. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.

  9. Chronology of computation of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_computation...

    Pi, (equal to 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288) is a mathematical sequence of numbers. The table below is a brief chronology of computed numerical values of, or ...