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Akathisia is generally associated with antipsychotics, but was previously described in Parkinson's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders. [5] It can also present with the use of non-psychiatric medications, including calcium channel blockers , antibiotics , anti-nausea and anti-vertigo drugs .
Extrapyramidal symptoms are most commonly caused by typical antipsychotic drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors. [2] The most common typical antipsychotics associated with EPS are haloperidol and fluphenazine. [4] Atypical antipsychotics have lower D2 receptor affinity or higher serotonin 5-HT2A receptor affinity which lead to lower rates ...
In other cases, psychomotor agitation can be caused by antipsychotic medications. For instance, akathisia, a movement disorder sometimes induced by antipsychotics and other psychotropics, is estimated to affect 15-35% of patients with schizophrenia. [11] [12]
Other dopamine antagonists and antiemetics can cause tardive dyskinesia, such as metoclopramide and promethazine, used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Atypical antipsychotics are considered lower-risk for causing TD than their typical counterparts, with incidence rates of 13.1% and 32.4% respectively in short-term trials primarily ...
A delay in getting to the rapid eye movement ... such as sleep-related movement disorders or the use of antipsychotic drugs. ... which is a gene that can increase someone’s risk for Alzheimer ...
Antipsychotics cause an increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells which can result in rigidity and eventual cell breakdown. No major studies have reported an explanation for the abnormal EEG , but it is likely also attributable to dopamine blockage leading to changes in neuronal pathways.
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