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Decongestant nasal sprays are advised for short-term use only, preferably 5 to 7 days at maximum. Some doctors advise to use them 3 days at maximum. A recent clinical trial has shown that a corticosteroid nasal spray may be useful in reversing this condition. [3] Topical nasal decongestants include: Oxymetazoline; Phenylephrine; Xylometazoline
Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
[3] [4] It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [3] It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. [3] Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours. [3] The nasal spray prevents the glands in the nose from producing large amounts of fluid.
Nasal irrigation (also called nasal lavage, nasal toilet, or nasal douche) is a personal hygiene practice in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debris from the nose and sinuses, in order to enhance nasal breathing.
In addition, another trial found that a MDI (with spacer) had a lower required dose for clinical result compared to a nebulizer. [3] Beyond use in chronic lung disease, nebulizers may also be used to treat acute issues like the inhalation of toxic substances. One such example is the treatment of inhalation of toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF) vapors ...
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Extended usage of xylometazoline can result in decreased effectiveness or a buildup of tolerance against the drug. [12] The number of receptors decreases, and when the administration of the drug is ceased, chronic congestion can occur; this is called rhinitis medicamentosa , commonly referred to as rebound congestion.
[49] [50] When nebulized, budesonide has an bioavailability of 6% and reaches C max within 1–3 hours. [50] [49] When formulated as a rectal foam, budesonide has an bioavailability of 3% to 27% and reaches C max around 1.5 hours. [51] The plasma protein binding of budesonide is around 85-90%, with an apparent volume of distribution of 2.2-3.9L/kg.