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Peptide therapeutics are peptides or polypeptides (oligomers or short polymers of amino acids) which are used to for the treatment of diseases.Naturally occurring peptides may serve as hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, ion channel ligands, and anti-infectives; peptide therapeutics mimic such functions.
A peptidergic agent (or drug) is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the peptide systems in the body or brain. An example is opioidergics, which are neuropeptidergics. A cell-penetrating peptide is a peptide able to penetrate the cell membrane.
Bioactive agents are substances that can influence an organism, tissue or cell. Examples include enzymes, drugs, vitamins, phytochemicals , and bioactive compounds . Bioactive agents can be incorporated into polymers , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which has applications in drug delivery and commercial production of household goods and biomedical devices. [ 2 ]
The use of peptides as drugs has some disadvantages because of their bioavailability and biostability. Rapid degradation, poor oral availability, difficult transportation through cell membranes, nonselective receptor binding, and challenging multistep preparation are the major limitations of peptides as active pharmaceutical ingredients. [ 3 ]
A bioactive compound is a compound that has an effect on a living organism, tissue or cell, usually demonstrated by basic research in vitro or in vivo in the laboratory. While dietary nutrients are essential to life, bioactive compounds have not been proved to be essential – as the body can function without them – or because their actions are obscured by nutrients fulfilling the function.
It appears as though many peptides initially isolated as and termed "antimicrobial peptides" have been shown to have more significant alternative functions in vivo (e.g. hepcidin [18]). Dusquetide for example is an immunomodulator that acts through p62, a protein involved in toll like receptor based signalling of infection.