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  2. Logical spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_spreadsheet

    A logical spreadsheet is a spreadsheet in which formulas take the form of logical constraints rather than function definitions.. In traditional spreadsheet systems, such as Excel, cells are partitioned into "directly specified" cells and "computed" cells and the formulas used to specify the values of computed cells are "functional", i.e. for every combination of values of the directly ...

  3. Data cleansing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_cleansing

    Set-Membership constraints: The values for a column come from a set of discrete values or codes. For example, a person's sex may be Female, Male, or Non-Binary. Foreign-key constraints: This is the more general case of set membership. The set of values in a column is defined in a column of another table that contains unique values.

  4. Database index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_index

    In the phone book example with a composite index created on the columns (city, last_name, first_name), if we search by giving exact values for all the three fields, search time is minimal—but if we provide the values for city and first_name only, the search uses only the city field to retrieve all matched records.

  5. Misleading graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misleading_graph

    Log scales put the data values in terms of a chosen number (the base of the log) to a particular power. The base is often e (2.71828...) or 10. For example, log scales may give a height of 1 for a value of 10 in the data and a height of 6 for a value of 1,000,000 (10 6) in the data. Log scales and variants are commonly used, for instance, for ...

  6. Data validation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_validation

    If values in the foreign key field are not constrained by internal mechanisms, then they should be validated to ensure that the referencing table always refers to a row in the referenced table. Spelling and grammar check Looks for spelling and grammatical errors. Uniqueness check Checks that each value is unique.

  7. List of file formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats

    ACT – Adobe Color Table. Contains a raw color palette and consists of 256 24-bit RGB colour values. ASE – Adobe Swatch Exchange. Used by Adobe Substance, Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign. [10] GPL – GIMP palette file. Uses a text representation of color names and RGB values.

  8. Curve fitting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting

    Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Curve fitting can involve either interpolation , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] where an exact fit to the data is required, or smoothing , [ 8 ] [ 9 ] in which a "smooth ...

  9. Constrained optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_optimization

    The sum of these values is an upper bound because the soft constraints cannot assume a higher value. It is exact because the maximal values of soft constraints may derive from different evaluations: a soft constraint may be maximal for x = a {\displaystyle x=a} while another constraint is maximal for x = b {\displaystyle x=b} .