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Acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine. It is naturally produced by the human body, and it is available as a dietary supplement. Acetylcarnitine is broken down in the blood by plasma esterases to carnitine which is used by the body to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria for breakdown and energy production.
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L-Carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and propionyl-l-carnitine are available in dietary supplement pills or powders, with a daily amount of 0.5 to 1 g considered to be safe. [1] [3] It is also a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat primary and certain secondary carnitine-deficiency syndromes secondary to inherited diseases. [1 ...
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Acetyl-CoA is an intermediate in the biological synthesis and in the breakdown of many organic molecules. Acetyl-CoA is also created during the second stage of cellular respiration (pyruvate decarboxylation) by the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase on pyruvic acid. [8] Proteins are often modified via acetylation, for various purposes.
The second step of L-carnitine biosynthesis requires the 3-hydroxy-N ε-trimethyllysine aldolase enzyme. 3-hydroxy-N ε-trimethyllysine aldolase is a pyridoxal phosphate dependent aldolase, and it catalyses the cleavage of 3-hydroxy-N ε-trimethyllysine into 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde and glycine.
Carnitine O-acetyltransferase also called carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT, or CAT) [5] (EC 2.3.1.7) is an enzyme that encoded by the CRAT gene that catalyzes the chemical reaction. acetyl-CoA + carnitine CoA + acetylcarnitine. where the acetyl group displaces the hydrogen atom in the central hydroxyl group of carnitine.
N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NAT) 650 mg; L-Citrulline DL-Malate 2:1 250 mg; L-Theanine 250 mg; Caffeine Anhydrous 175 mg; Inositol 80 mg; Beet Root Juice Powder (Beta vulgaris) 50 mg; Damiana (Turnera Aphrodisiaca) (leaf) 40 mg; Red Panax Ginseng 25 mg; Hordenine 20 mg; Acai Berry Juice Powder (Euterpe oleracea)(fruit) 10 mg; Acetyl L-Carnitine HCl 10 mg