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Polyethylene glycol (PEG; / ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ ɛ θ əl ˌ iː n ˈ ɡ l aɪ ˌ k ɒ l,-ˈ ɛ θ ɪ l-,-ˌ k ɔː l /) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates (hydrates) in long multiphase pipelines that convey natural gas from remote gas fields to a gas processing facility. Ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
Plants benefit from pruning of old growth in winter to allow for new growth in spring. Dead-heading, or pruning off old flower heads, promotes the production of more flowers. [7] Fresh seeds germinate in 3 to 20 days and require no special treatment. [14] Plants grow best in acid, well-aerated soils of pH 5.5 to 6.3, with low levels of phosphorus.
The plant hormone ethylene is a combatant for salinity in most plants. Ethylene is known for regulating plant growth and development and adapted to stress conditions through a complex signal transduction pathway. Central membrane proteins in plants, such as ETO2, ERS1 and EIN2, are used for ethylene signaling in many plant growth processes.
Depolymerization is also related to production of chemicals and fuels from biomass. In this case, reagents are typically required. A simple case is the hydrolysis of celluloses to glucose by the action of water. Generally this process requires an acid catalyst: H(C 6 H 10 O 5) n OH + (n - 1) H 2 O → n C 6 H 12 O 6
Polyethylene (PE) is the plastic film used by the majority of growers because of its affordability, flexibility and easy manufacturing. [3] It comes in a variety of thicknesses, such as a low density form (LDPE) as well as a linear low density form (LLDPE).
Polyols may be classified according to their chemistry. [5] Some of these chemistries are polyether, polyester, [6] polycarbonate [7] [8] and also acrylic polyols. [9] [10] Polyether polyols may be further subdivided and classified as polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and Polytetrahydrofuran or PTMEG.
The OMEGA process ("Only MEG Advantage") [1] is a chemical process discovered by the Shell Global Solutions company that is used to produce ethylene glycol from ethylene. This process comprises two steps, the controlled oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide , and the net hydrolysis of ethylene oxide to monoethylene glycol (MEG). [ 2 ]