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Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. [2] Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. [2]
Pyonephrosis (from Greek pyon 'pus' and nephros 'kidney' [1]) is a dangerous kidney infection that is characterized by pus accumulation in the renal collecting system. [2] It is linked to renal collecting system blockage and suppurative renal parenchymal destruction, which result in complete or nearly complete kidney failure. [3]
Urinary tract infections, even asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine, are more concerning in pregnancy due to the increased risk of kidney infections. [42] During pregnancy, high progesterone levels elevate the risk of decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder, which leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows ...
Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension , kidney scarring , and end-stage kidney disease .
Nephritis can often be caused by infections and toxins, but it is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys. [5]Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney.
The fused part is the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney. The abnormal anatomy can affect kidney drainage resulting in increased frequency of kidney stones and urinary tract infections as well as increase risk of certain renal cancers. [1] Fusion abnormalities of the kidney can be categorized into two groups: horseshoe kidney and crossed fused ...
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
In terms of cause, almost any condition that involves ischemia can lead to renal papillary necrosis. A mnemonic for the causes of renal papillary necrosis is POSTCARDS: pyelonephritis, obstruction of the urogenital tract, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, analgesia/alcohol use disorder, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic vasculitis. [3]